Tiny gut bugs are the unsung heroes of good health, cranking out short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are total game-changers.

Acetate (C2): Acetate is the most abundant SCFA in the colon. It is quickly absorbed and can serve as an energy source for various tissues, including muscle cells and the brain.

Propionate (C3): Propionate is absorbed by the liver, where it can be used for gluconeogenesis, a process that produces glucose. This makes propionate an important substrate for maintaining blood glucose levels.

Butyrate (C4): Butyrate is a key energy source for the cells lining the colon (colonocytes). It helps maintain the health and integrity of the colon, playing a crucial role in promoting the function of the gut barrier.

Valerate (C5): Valerate is produced in smaller quantities compared to the other SCFAs. While its functions are not as well-elucidated, it is thought to contribute to the overall health of the digestive tract.

Studies show different substrates produce varying ratios of SCFA.

Source: NLM Link

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